See also: List of Governors of Jakarta
In September 1945, the government of Jakarta City was changed from the Japanese Jakarta Special City (ジャカルタ特別市 Jakaruta tokubetsu-shi?) into the Jakarta National Administration. This first government was held by a mayor until the end of 1960, when the office was changed to that of a governor. The last mayor of Jakarta was Sudiro, until he was replaced by Dr Sumarno as governor of the province (as the city had now become).
In 1974, Based on the Act No. 5 of 1974 relating to the Fundamentals of Regional Government, Jakarta was confirmed as the capital of Indonesia and one of Indonesia's (then) 26 provinces.[46]
In August 2007, Jakarta held its first ever election to choose a governor, whereas previously the city's governors were appointed by the local house of representatives. The poll is part of a country-wide decentralisation drive, allowing for direct local elections in several areas.[47]
Municipal finances[edit]
The ability of the regional government to respond to the many problems of Jakarta is constrained by extremely limited finances. In 2013 the total budget available to the Jakarta regional government was approved at around Rp 50 trillion (about $US 5.2 billion), equivalent to around $US 380 per citizen. Priority areas of spending were listed as education, transport, flood control measures, environment programs, and various types of social spending (such as health and housing).[48]
The Jakarta provincial government, like all other provincial governments in Indonesia, relies on transfers from the central government for the bulk of budget income. Local (non-central government) sources of revenue are incomes from various taxes such as vehicle ownership and vehicle transfer fees and so on.[49]
In recent years, the Jakarta provincial government has consistently run a surplus of between 15–20% of total planned spending, largely because of delays in procurement procedures and other inefficiencies in the spending process.[50] Regular underspending is a matter of frequent public comment but the legal and administrative blockages that cause the underspending problem seem very difficult to overcome.[51]
| Year | Revenue | Expenditure |
|---|---|---|
| 2007 Actual | 18.7 | 18.7 |
| 2008 Actual | 32.9 | 16.4 |
| 2009 Actual | 23.7 | 19.6 |
| 2010 Actual | 26.8 | 21.6 |
| 2011 Actual | 31.8 | 31.7 |
| 2012 Actual | 41.4 | 41.4 |
Indonesian Statistics Bureau: Jakarta in Figures[52]
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